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Dictionary
A | |||
Abies alba | Silver fir. | ||
Abies koreana | Korean fir. | ||
Abies lasiocarpa | Alpine fir. | ||
Abies lasiocarpa 'Arizonica' | Cork fir. | ||
Accent plant | A separate, often seasonal. planting of grasses. bulbs, or small herbaceous plants displayed with a formal bonsai. | ||
Acer buergerianum | Trident maple. | ||
Acer buergerianum 'Formosanum' | Formosan trident maple. | ||
Acer campestre | Field maple. | ||
Acer japonicum | Full moon maple. | ||
Acer palamatum 'Ukigomo' | Japanese maple 'Ukigomo'. | ||
Acer palmatum | Japanese maple. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Chishio' | Japanese red maple. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Deshojo' | Japanese red maple. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Dissectum' | Cut leaf Japanese maple. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Dissectum Atropurpureum' | Cut leaf Japanese purple maple. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Kagiri Nishiki' | Japanese maple 'Kagiri Nishikí'. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Kashima' | Japanese maple 'Kashima'. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Kiyohime' | Japanese maple 'Kiyohime'. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Kotohime' | Japanese maple 'Kotohime'. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Nishiki gawa' | Japanese maple 'Nishiki gawa'. | ||
Acer palmatum 'Seigen' | Japanese red maple. | ||
Air layering | Propagation method that encourages roots to form on a tree trunk or branch. | ||
Akadama | Japanese granulate clay, used as bonsai soil. | ||
Aka-matsu | Pinus densiflora, Japanese red pine. | ||
Akanire | Ulmus, Elm. | ||
Apex | In bonsai, this usually means the top part of the tree. | ||
Ara-ki | Freshly dug tree, suitable as bonsai material. | ||
Azalea | See 'Rhododendron'. | ||
B | |||
Bankan | Trunk with many curves. | ||
Beni-shitan | Cotoneaster horizontalis, Cotoneaster. | ||
Berberis | Barberry. | ||
Berberis buxifolia | Barberry. | ||
Berberis darwinii | Barberry. | ||
Berberis thunbergii | Barberry. | ||
Betula nana | Dwarf birch. | ||
Betula pendula | European silver birch. | ||
Boke | Chaenomeles cardinalis, Flowering quince. | ||
Bonkei | Natural landscapes planted in a dish. (rocks plants, figures etc.) | ||
Bonsai | Tree in a shallow pot. | ||
Bougainvillea buttiana | Bougainvillea 'Orange King'. | ||
Bougainvillea glabra | Bougainvillea. | ||
Buna | Fagus, Beech. | ||
Bunjin | or Bunjingi; Bonsai in literati style. | ||
Buxus microphylla | Japanese box tree. | ||
Buxus sempervirens | Common box tree. | ||
C | |||
Calluna vulgaris | Heather | ||
Callus | Corky-textured tissue that forms over a wound on a branch. | ||
Cambium | Narrow layer of cell tissue between the bark and wood of woody plants. The cambium of live wood is green and moist. | ||
Camellia japonica | Common camellia. | ||
Caragana arborescens | Chinese pea tree. | ||
Carmona microphylla | Fukien tea; subtropical species. | ||
Carpinus betulus | European hornbeam. | ||
Carpinus japonica | Japanese hornbeam. | ||
Carpinus laxiflora | Loose flowered hornbeam. | ||
Carpinus turczaninowii | Korean hornbeam. | ||
Castanea | Chesnut. | ||
Cedrus | Cedar. | ||
Cedrus atlantica | Atlas cedar. | ||
Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca' | Blue cedar. | ||
Cedrus brevifolia | Cyprian cedar. | ||
Cedrus deodora | Indian cedar. | ||
Cedrus libani | Lebanon cedar. | ||
Celtis sinensis | Chinese hackberry. | ||
Cercis canadensis | American redbud. | ||
Cercis siliquastrum | Judas tree. | ||
Chaenomeles cardinalis | Flowering quince. | ||
Chaenomeles japonica | Japanese quince. | ||
Chaenomeles sinensis | Chinese quince. | ||
Chamaecyparis obtusa | Hinoki cypress. | ||
Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Gracilis' | Dwarf hinoki cypress. | ||
Chojubai | Chaenomeles japonica, Japanese quince. | ||
Chokkan | Bonsai with upright trunk. | ||
Conifer | A tree that bears cones containing the seeds. Most conifers are evergreen. | ||
Cornus controversa | Cherry. | ||
Cornus kousa | Kousa dogwood. | ||
Cornus officinalis | Japanese cornelian cherry. | ||
Corylopsis pauciflora | Buttercup winter hazel. | ||
Corylopsis spicata | Spiked winter hazel. | ||
Corylus avellana | Hazel. | ||
Corylus heterophylla | Japanese hazel. | ||
Cotinus coggygria | Smoke tree. | ||
Cotoneaster congestus | Dwarf cotoneaster. | ||
Cotoneaster horizontalis | Rockspray cotoneaster. | ||
Cotoneaster microfhyllus | Cotoneaster. | ||
Crataegus cuneata | Japanese hawthorn. | ||
Crataegus laevigata | English hawthorn. | ||
Crown | The upper part of the tree where the branches spread out from the trunk. | ||
Cryptomeria japonica | Japanese dwarf cedar. | ||
Cultivar | Variant plant produced in cultivation: indicated by single quotation marks in its botanical name. | ||
Cut paste | See 'wound sealant'. | ||
Cydonia oblonga | Common quince. | ||
D | |||
Dai | Wooden table fitting a suiseki stone. | ||
Deciduous | Describing a tree or shrub that loses its leaves annually and often remains bare of leaves all winter. | ||
Deshojo | Acer palmatum deshojo, Japanese red maple. | ||
Deutzia gracilis | Duetzia. | ||
Die back | The death of young shoots. due to bad weather or fungal disease. | ||
E | |||
Eda-zashi | Branch pruning. | ||
Elaeagnus multiflora | Elaeagnus. | ||
Elaeagnus pungens | Thorny elaeagnus. | ||
Euonymus alatus | Winged spindle tree. | ||
Euonymus europaeus | European spindle tree. | ||
Euonymus sieboldianus | Japanese spindle tree. | ||
Evergreen | Describing a tree or shrub that retains its leaves all year round. | ||
Ezo-matsu | Picea, Spruce. | ||
F | |||
Fagus crenata | Japanese white beech. | ||
Fagus japonica | Japanese black beech. | ||
Fagus sylvatica | European beech. | ||
Ficus benjamina | Weeping fig. | ||
Ficus macrophylla | Moreton Bay fig. | ||
Ficus platypoda | Australian fig. | ||
Ficus punila | Creeping fig. | ||
Ficus retusa | Banyan fig. | ||
Forsythia intermedia | Forsythia. | ||
Fortunella hindsii | Dwarf orange. | ||
Fraxinus excelsior | European ash. | ||
Fuchsia microphylla | Dwarf fuchsia. | ||
Fuji | Wisteria floribunda, Japanese wisteria. | ||
Fuji-sakura | Japanese flowering cherry. | ||
Fukinagashi | Bonsai in windswept style. | ||
G | |||
Gardenia | Gardenia. | ||
Genus | The unit of classification for a group of closely related plants: shown by the first word in the botanical name. | ||
Ginkgo biloba | Maidenhair tree. | ||
Goyo-matsu | Pinus parviflora, Japanese white pine. | ||
Grafting | Propagation technique. | ||
H | |||
Habit | The characteristic growth pattern of a plant. | ||
Hamamelis japonica | Japanese witch hazel. | ||
Hankan | Bonsai with a very coiled trunk. | ||
Han-kengai | Bonsai in semi-cascading style. | ||
Hardy | Describing plants that are able to withstand winter frost. | ||
Hariganekake | Wiring a tree. | ||
Hedera helix | Common Ivy. | ||
Himeringo | Apple. | ||
Hinoki | Chamaecyparis obtusa, Hinoki cypress. | ||
Hokidachi | Bonsai in broom style. | ||
Hyakujikko | Lagerstroemia indica, Crab myrtle. | ||
I | |||
Ichii | Taxus, Yew. | ||
Icho | Ginkgo, Maidenhair tree. | ||
Ikadabuke | Bonsai in raft style. | ||
Ilex crenata | Japenese evergreen holly. | ||
Ilex serrata | Japanese deciduous holly. | ||
Internodal distance | The length of stem between two nodes (leaf joints). | ||
Ishitsuki | Rock grown bonsai. | ||
J | |||
Jasminum nudiflorum | Winter jasmine. | ||
Jasminum officinale | Common white jasmine. | ||
Jin | Or Eda-jin; artificially bleached branch. | ||
Juniperus chinensis | Chinese juniper. | ||
Juniperus communis | Common juniper. | ||
Juniperus media 'Blaauwii' | Chinese juniper. | ||
Juniperus procumbens | Creeping juniper. | ||
Juniperus rigida | Needle juniper. | ||
Juniperus sabina | Savin juniper. | ||
Juniperus sargentii | Sargent's juniper. | ||
Juniperus squamata 'Meyeri' | Blue juniper. | ||
Juvenile foliage | Young leaves of a tree that has distinclly different adult foliage. | ||
K | |||
Kabudachi | Clump-style bonsai; several trunks from a single root. | ||
Kadsura japonica | Scarlet kadsura. | ||
Kaede | Acer buergerianum, Trident maple. | ||
Kaido | Malus, Crab apple. | ||
Kanju | Deciduous trees. | ||
Kanuma | Soil for azaleas. | ||
Karikomi | Pruning of leaves and branches. | ||
Karin | Chaenomeles sinensis, Chinese quince. | ||
Kengai | Bonsai in cascading style. | ||
Keto-tsuchi | See 'peat'. | ||
Keyaki | Zelkova, Japanese elm. | ||
Kiryu | Japanese rocky granulates, used for drainage in bonsai soil. | ||
Kobushi | Magnolia stellata, Star magnolia. | ||
Kokejun | Trunk that tapers towards the top. | ||
Kuchinashi | Gardenia, Gardenia. | ||
Kuro-matsu | Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine. | ||
Kuruma-eda | Unsuitable branch that must be cut off. | ||
Kusamono | See 'accent plant'. | ||
L | |||
Lagerstroemia indica | Crab myrtle. | ||
Larix decidua | European larch. | ||
Larix kaemperferi | Japanese larch. | ||
Leader | Generally, the main shoot, at the tip of a branch, that extends the branch growth: in bonsai, usually the uppermost continuation of the trunk. | ||
Ligustrum ovalifolium | Oval-leaf privet. | ||
Ligustrum vulgare | Common privet. | ||
Liquidambar styraciflua | Sweet gum. | ||
Lonicera japonica | Japanese honeysuckle. | ||
Lonicera morowii | Honeysuckle. | ||
Lonicera nitida | Dwarf honeysuckle. | ||
M | |||
Magnolia stellata | Star magnolia. | ||
Malus cerasifera | Nagasaki crab apple. | ||
Malus halliana | Hall's crab apple. | ||
Malus sieboldii | Crab apple. | ||
Malus sylvestris | Common crab apple. | ||
Mame bonsai | Bonsai less then 10cm tall. | ||
Mansaku | Coriylus heterophylla, Japanese witch hazel. | ||
Mayumi | Euonymus sieboldianus, Japanese spindle tree. | ||
Metasequoia glyptostroboides | Dawn redwood. | ||
Mizuki | Cornus controversa, Cherry. | ||
Momiji | Acer palmatum, Japanese maple. | ||
Morus alba | White mulberry. | ||
Moyogi | Bonsai in unformal upright style. | ||
Murraya paniculata | Jasmine orange. | ||
Myrtus apiculata | Myrtle. | ||
Myrtus communis | Common myrtle. | ||
N | |||
Nandina domestica | Heavenly bamboo. | ||
Natsutsubaki | Stewartia, Stewartia. | ||
Neagari | Bonsai with exposed roots. | ||
Nebari | Shape of the visible roots. | ||
Nejikan | Bonsai with twisted trunk. | ||
Netsuranari | Bonsai style with several trees growing from a single root. | ||
Nishiki-matsu | Pinus thunbergii corticosa, Corkbark pine. | ||
Nitrogen | Also known as (N); Essential element of plant nutrition: for growth above the ground, especially green tissue in leaves and stems. | ||
Notofagus antarctica | Antarctic beech. | ||
Notofagus procera | Southern beech. | ||
NPK | Abbreviation used to denote the relative proportions of the minerals nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contained in a fertilizer. | ||
O | |||
Obai | Jasminum nudiflorum, Winter jasmine. | ||
Olea europaea | Olive. | ||
P | |||
Parthenocissus tricupidata | Boston Ivy. | ||
Peat | Partly decomposed organic matter, found in bogs, marshes or heaths. It helps to retain moisture in potting soil. | ||
Phosphorus | Also known as (P); Essential element of plant nutrition: for root development and ripening of fruits and seeds. | ||
Phyllostachys | Golden bamboo. | ||
Phyllostachys nigra | Black bamboo. | ||
Picea abies | Norway spruce. | ||
Picea abies 'Little gem' | Dwarf spruce. | ||
Picea abies 'Nidiformis' | Bird's nest spruce. | ||
Picea glehnii | Sakhalin spruce. | ||
Picea glehnii 'Yatsubusa' | Dwarf sakhalin spruce. | ||
Picea jezoensis | Jezo or edo spruce. | ||
Pinching | Training or shaping a tree by gently pulling off soft new shoots with finger and thumb. | ||
Pinus densiflora | Japanese red pine. | ||
Pinus mugo | Mountain pine. | ||
Pinus parviflora | Japanese white or five needle pine. | ||
Pinus pentaphylla | See 'Pinus parviflora'. | ||
Pinus sylvestris | Scots pine. | ||
Pinus thunbergii | Japanese black pine. | ||
Pinus thunbergii 'Corticosa' | Corkbark japanese black pine. | ||
Podocarpus macrophyllus | Chinese podocarpus. | ||
Pot bound | Describing a plant when its roots fill its pot and eliminate all air spaces. | ||
Potassium | Also known as (K) Essential element of plant nutrition: for strong new growth, flower buds. and fruit. In horticulture, it is commonly known as potash. | ||
Potentilla fructicosa | Potentilla. | ||
Pruning | Cutting or pinching back shoots, leaves. and stems in order to control growth and to shape the plant. | ||
Prunus avium | Japanese wild cherry. | ||
Prunus cerasifera | Myrobalan plum. | ||
Prunus dulcis | Elmond. | ||
Prunus mume | Flowering apricot. | ||
Prunus persica | Peach. | ||
Prunus salicina | Japanese plum. | ||
Prunus serrulata | Flowering cherry. | ||
Prunus spinosa | Blackthorn. | ||
Pseudosidonia sinensis | See 'Chaenomeles sinensis'. | ||
Punica granatum | Pomegranate. | ||
Pyracantha | Firethorn. | ||
Q | |||
Quercus cerris | Turkey oak. | ||
Quercus palustris | Pin oak. | ||
Quercus robur | English oak. | ||
R | |||
Repotting | Regularly removing a plant from its pot. usually every year or so and replanting in fresh soil to encourage root growth. | ||
Rhododendron indicum | Satsuki azalea. | ||
Robinia pseudoacacia | False acacia. | ||
Root pruning | Cutting back roots of a pot-bound plant to add fresh soil and encourage growth of new-roots. | ||
Rootball | The mass of roots and soil seen when plant is lifted from container or ground. | ||
S | |||
Saba miki | Hollow trunk. | ||
Sabamiki | Bonsai with split trunk. | ||
Sageretia theezans | Sageretia. | ||
Sahi-ho | Cutting. | ||
Sahi-ki | Propagating by means of cuttings. | ||
Saikei | Landscapes with rocks and trees. | ||
Salix babylonica | Weeping willow. | ||
Salix helvetica | Swiss willow. | ||
Salix repens | Creeping willow. | ||
Sankan | Triple-trunked bonsai. | ||
Satsuki | Rhododendron indicum, Satsuki azalea. | ||
Scorch | Foliage damage from strong sun or wind. or root damage from fertilizer overdose. | ||
Seigen | Acer palmatum 'Seigen', Japanese red maple. | ||
Seishi | Bonsai training. | ||
Sequoia sempervirens | California redwood. | ||
Serissa foetida | Tree of a tousand stars. | ||
Shakan | Bonsai with slanting trunk. | ||
Shari | Artificial dead wood parts on the trunk. | ||
Sharimiki | Driftwood style. | ||
Shimotsuke | Spiraea japonica, Japanese spiraea. | ||
Shinpaku | Juniperus sinensis, Chinese juniper. | ||
Shobyaku | Berberis, Barberry. | ||
Shohaku | Coniferious trees. | ||
Shohin-bonsai | Bonsai no more than 15cm tall. | ||
Sokan | Twin trunked bonsai. | ||
Sophora japonica | Japanese pagoda tree. | ||
Sorbus aucuparia | Mountain ash. | ||
Soro | Carpinus japonica, Japanese hornbeam. | ||
Species | Unit of classification for a plant that has particular characteristics: identified by the second word of its botanical name. | ||
Sphagnum moss | Highly water-absorbent moss native to damp locations: used in air layering or to keep large wounds moist. | ||
Spiraea japonica | Japanese spiraea. | ||
Stewartia | Stewartia. | ||
Stratification | Encouraging tree seeds to germinate by dispersing them in sand and subjecting them to cold conditions before sowing. | ||
Styrax japonica | Snowbell. | ||
Sugi | Cedrus, Japanese cedar. | ||
Suiban | Shallow dish without a drainage hole. | ||
Suiseki | Viewing stone. | ||
Syringa velutina | Korean lilac. | ||
T | |||
Tachia-gari | Trunk region. | ||
Tachinbana-modoki | Pyracantha, Firethorn. | ||
Take | Bamboo. | ||
Tamarix juniperina | Tamarisk. | ||
Tanuki | Technique where a tree is planted against the trunk of another dead tree. | ||
Tap root | A long. Anchoring root that grows vertically downwards in the soil: often, the first undivided root of a seedling. | ||
Taxodium distichum | Swamp cypress. | ||
Taxus baccata | Common yew. | ||
Taxus cuspidata | Japanese yew. | ||
Tender | Describing a plant that cannot withstand frost and may die if kept outdoors in the cold. | ||
Thymus serpyllum | Thyme. | ||
Tilia cordata | Small leaved lime. | ||
Tokoname | A region in Japan that is a major centre for the manufacture and export of containers for bonsai. | ||
Tokonoma | A niche or alcove built into a wall of a japanese house to display floral arrangements or bonsai. | ||
Toriki | Technique of obtaining bonsai by airlayering. | ||
Tosho | Juniperus rigida, Needle juniper. | ||
Tsubaki | Camellia japonica, Common camellia. | ||
Tsuga canadensis | Eastern hemlock. | ||
Tsuga heterophylla | Western hemlock. | ||
Tsuge | Buxus, Box tree. | ||
Tsugi-ki | Technique of obtaining bonsai by crafting. | ||
U | |||
Ulmus glabra | Scots elm. | ||
Ulmus parvifolia | Chinese elm. | ||
Ulmus procera | English elm. | ||
Ume | Prunus mume, Japanese flowering apricot. | ||
Umemodoki | Ilex serrata, Japanese deciduous holly. | ||
V | |||
Vitis vinifera | Grape vine. | ||
W | |||
Weigela florida | Weigela. | ||
Wisteria chinensis | Chinese wisteria. | ||
Wisteria floribunda | Japanese wisteria. | ||
Wound sealant | A compound that seals a cut in a branch or a trunk: it prevents sap bleeding and loss of moisture, and thus promotes healing. | ||
Y | |||
Yamadori | Collecting bonsai from the wild. | ||
Yama-sakura | Prunus avium, Japanese wild cherry. | ||
Yanagi | Salix babylonica, Weeping willow. | ||
Yatsubusa | A particular type of dwarf form. with shorter intenodal distances and more buds than usual, and thus denser top-growth. | ||
Yose-Ue | Forest planting or multiple tree style. | ||
Z | |||
Zakuro | Punica granatum, Pomegranate. | ||
Zelkova serrata | Japanese elm. |